Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Growing Concern

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Early-onset colorectal cancer refers to cases diagnosed in people under 50. While it typically affects older adults, the rate of diagnoses in younger people has risen dramatically in recent decades, now accounting for 10% of all new cases. This increase is concerning, and researchers are working to understand why.

Key Symptoms: The most common signs include:

• Rectal bleeding

• Abdominal pain (gas, bloating, cramps)

• Bowel changes (diarrhea, constipation)

• Iron-deficiency anemia

Having multiple symptoms increases the risk of colorectal cancer significantly.

Risk Factors: Some factors are genetic, like Lynch syndrome, while others are lifestyle-related:

• Obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise

• Smoking and alcohol use also raise risk

Diagnosis: Screenings like colonoscopies, stool exams, and blood tests are used to diagnose the disease. For those at average risk, the American Cancer Society recommends starting screenings at 45.

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Treatment: Options depend on the cancer stage and may include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation.

Prevention: Adopting a healthy lifestyle—regular exercise, a balanced diet, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol—can help lower the risk.

Prognosis: Early diagnosis and treatment improve survival rates, but younger people tend to be diagnosed at later stages, which complicates prognosis. Support for young cancer patients is crucial, as they often face unique challenges like childcare and financial strain.

The Takeaway: The rise in early-onset colorectal cancer is alarming. Recognizing symptoms and getting screened early can help catch the disease in its most treatable stages.